The results of palynological studies of Neogene freshwater deposits of the Beli Breg Graben (West Bulgaria) are presented. We analysed pollen and spores with the aim of obtaining data about the composition and structure of fossil vegetation and climate conditions. The main vegetation paleocommunities, which existed during the fossilization process, are characterized as mixed mesophytic and swamp forests, communities of aquatic plants, and herbaceous paleocoenoses. The climate data reconstructed by the Coexistence Approach indicate a warm temperate climate with mean annual temperatures around 16 ºC and with mean temperature of at least 4 ºC during the coldest month. With annual precipitation rates commonly above 1000 mm climatic conditions were overall humid, although partly seasonally drier conditions are evident from the data.