Knowledge of deposits of the Klement Formation (Upper Cretaceous) has been deriven solely from subsurface data in the southern Moravian territory of the Czech Republic. These deposits were deposited on a passive margin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and a seaway continuation into the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin towards the north and northwest. Three recognised facies associations provide evidence of lower to middle shoreface to offshore depositional environments with role of storm events. Palynological studies of the deposits indicate a Late Albian age, which connect them with the initial Cretaceous transgression (Albian–Lower Cenomanian) onto the Bohemian Massif. The provenance from the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif is proved and some potential source areas are evaluated. The principal and proximal source can be located in the Moravo–Silesian Zone (Brunovistulicum), which compose the crystalline basement of the Mesozoic deposits. More distant sources can be traced to the Moravian and Moldanubian units or to even more distant sources such as the Teplá–Barrandian or Lugicum units. A remarkable difference in provenance has been recognised when compared with the clastic Jurassic deposits of the Gresten and Nikolčice Formations known from the area under study. The base of the Klement Formation represents a composite, polyhistory surface and subaerial unconformity. The thicknesses of Cretaceous Klement Formation deposits is generally increasing eastwardly pointing to the general increase in basin depth in this direction. According to the Rock-Eval pyrolysis, organic matter was classified as kerogen type III. Based on parameter Tmax thermal maturity of the Klement Formation corresponds to immature stage which means that the sediments were not exposed to temperatures greater than 50 °C. The absence of a depth trend in thermal maturity suggests that the original position of the evaluated samples was changed tectonically and that burial to maximum depth occurred before the overthrust or the Western Carpathians.