Lower Triassic formations in the Aggtelek–Rudabanya Mountains (NE Hungary) were mapped in the main part of the Silica Nappe, and the results are presented in a new map at the scale of 1:50,000. The aim of this paper is to present the structural observations collected during mapping and to interpret the field data and map-scale structures, and by this means to demonstrate the structural setting of Lower Triassic formations in a new light. The mapped area is located south of the Jósvafő–Bódvaszilas reverse fault-zone and divided into two parts by the NE–SW sinistral strike-slip faults of the Darnó Zone. Beside these two major fault-zones, systems of E–W dextral strike-slip and NE–SW-trending reverse faults were recognized. Three groups of folds were identified: one set of folds with NE–SW axes is predominant and widely distributed in the entire mapped area, whereas the other sets of folds with E–W and NW–SE axes appear only locally. Their timing is uncertain. Characteristic associations of structural elements were recognized in three structural segments. The predominant one consists of E–W trending strike-slip and the connecting NE–SW reverse faults with a series of folds with NE–SW axes, suggesting NW–SE shortening and NE–SW elongation (according to recent co-ordinates). Map-scale anticlines and synclines were also formed in this system (e.g. the Dobódel and Keskeny-völgy Anticlines and the Varbóc Syncline). The map-scale structures reveal that the formerly proposed anticline with E–W axis running all along the Jósva-völgy does not exist; only the E–W-trending Jósvafő Anticline is proved near Jósvafő. Strike-slip duplexes and push-up fragments, consisting of mismatching blocks, are also very characteristic in the area of investigation, pointing to major lateral shear zones.