The research included qualitative and quantitative determination of atmospheric pollution in Tyniec near Cracow and its effects on stone elements of the local abbey buildings. Samples were studied using optical (in transmitted light) and scanning microscopy, X-ray and chemical analyses. It has been established that the dust is composed of quartz, accompanied by small amounts of feldspars, micas, heavy minerals, carbonates (all of them are natural components), while gypsum, anhydrite, spherulitic forms of iron oxides and combustion-derived glass, chlorides and carbonates are anthropogenic components. Stone surfaces are additionally covered by a black crust, composed mainly of gypsum and enriched in heavy metals: Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cu. The extent and type of stone damage have been preliminarily evaluated.