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, JUNE 2011, 62, 3, 211—231 doi: 10.2478/v10096-011-0018-7
A late Burdigalian bathyal mollusc fauna from the Vienna
Basin (Slovakia)
MATHIAS HARZHAUSER
1
, OLEG MANDIC
1
and JAN SCHLÖGL
2
1
Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; mathias.harzhauser@nhm-wien.ac.at; oleg.mandic@nhm-wien.ac.at
2
Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, pav. G, SK-842 15 Bratislava,
Slovak Republic; schlogl@fns.uniba.sk
(Manuscript received September 7, 2010; accepted in revised form November 9, 2010)
Abstract: This is the first record of a bathyal mollusc fauna from the late Early Miocene of the Central Paratethys. The
assemblage shows clear affinities to coeval faunas of the Turin Hills in the Mediterranean area and the Aquitaine Basin
in France. The overall biostratigraphic value of the assemblage is hard to estimate due to the general very poor knowl-
edge of Miocene bathyal faunas. Several species, however, are known from deep water deposits of the Middle Miocene
Badenian stage as well. This implies Early Miocene roots of parts of the Middle Miocene deep water fauna and suggests
a low turnover for bathyal mollusc communities at the Early-Middle Miocene boundary. The nassariid gastropod Nassarius
janschloegli Harzhauser nov. sp. and the naticid gastropod Polinices cerovaensis Harzhauser nov. sp. are introduced as
new species.
Key words: Early Miocene, Central Paratethys, Vienna Basin, bathyal, molluscs.
Introduction
The molluscs were collected at Cerová-Lieskové in the Slovak
Republic. The outcrop is situated at the western slope of the
Malé Karpaty Mts which forms the eastern margin of the cen-
tral Vienna Basin (Fig. 1A,B). The deposits of the former clay
pit are massive, locally laminated calcareous clay and clayey
silt with thin tempestites (up to 5 mm thick) with plant re-
mains and several thin sandstone layers in the uppermost part
of the section (Fig. 1C) belonging to the Lakšárska Nová Ves
Formation (Špička & Zapletalová 1964). The grey sediments
have a beige-whitish weathering colour and are characterized
by a high amount of diatom skeletons. A detailed description
of the geological setting and the sedimentology will be given
elsewhere (Hyžný & Schlögl 2011). The age of the Cerová
section is Late Karpatian according to the regional stratigraphic
scheme, corresponding to the late Burdigalian.
Bathyal faunas in the Central Paratethys
The deep water fauna of the Paratethys is poorly known. In
the synthetic lists on Paratethyan Oligocene and Miocene gas-
tropods in Harzhauser & Piller (2007) most taxa derive from
shallow marine sections. Shallow bathyal communities from
the Late Oligocene of Eger in Hungary were described as Hinia-
Cadulus community by Báldi (1973). From Eggenburgian and
Ottnangian deposits, no bathyal mollusc faunas are known so
far. The so-called Ottnangian schlier fauna as described by
Hoernes (1875) was sometimes considered to have lived in
deeper marine settings but turned out to represent moderately
deep sublittoral environments between 100—150 m water
depth (Grunert pers. comm.). Information on the Karpatian
mollusc fauna is based largely on littoral to shallow sublittoral
assemblages from mud-flats, sandy shores, lagoons and man-
groves (Harzhauser 2002, 2003). Nevertheless, deeper water
settings were widespread during Karpatian times. Spezzaferri
& Coric (2001) and Spezzaferri et al. (2004) discuss water
depths of ca. 400—500 m in the Styrian Basin and of ca. 200 m
in the North Alpine Foreland Basin. One of their key-sections
is the middle Karpatian section Laa in Lower Austria which is
only ca. 80 km west of the coeval Cerová-Lieskové section.
The mollusc faunas of the Austrian sections are very poor con-
sisting mainly of scattered shells of the cephalopod Aturia and
the pteropod Vaginella. The absence of a benthic mollusc fau-
na may be related to the dysoxic conditions on the sea floor
(Spezzaferri et al. 2004).
During the Middle Miocene, deeper marine faunas are only
known from the Badenian basinal clays. The water depth in
the Vienna Basin, where most of the classical Early to Middle
Badenian faunas derive from, ranged around 300 meters
(Hohenegger et al. 2008). Similar conditions might have been
established in the Transylvanian Basin where deeper marine
mollusc assemblages are known from Lapugiu de Sus and
Kostej. Bathyal associations, however, are undescribed. A
deep sublittoral mollusc assemblage from the Late Badenian
of Devínska Nová Ves is the latest of its kind in the Central
Paratethys (Tomašových 1998).
Composition and biostratigraphy
The mollusc assemblage consists of 14 bivalves, 15 benthic
and 1 pelagic gastropods and 3 scaphopods. More than 85 %
of the benthic gastropods are carnivores, scavengers or para-
sites. In total numbers, the carnivorous tonnoideans, naticids
and conaceans predominate along with nassariids which are
scavengers and/or predators. Herbivores such as Calliotropis?
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sp. are extremely rare. Among the bivalves, two carnivorous
(Parvamussium and Cardiomya), four chemosymbiotic (Luci-
noidea and Solemya), four detritus (Nuculoidea and Tellin-
idae) and four suspension feeding (others) bivalves are
represented. Such composition indicates a deposition in the
aphytal zone and a low contribution by transported taxa from
shallower settings. The endemism is seemingly high, with 3
species (18 %) among the gastropods and 4 species (29 %)
among the bivalves, but should be considered with care in re-
spect to our poor knowledge on Miocene deep water faunas.
Within the scaphopods, no endemism is observed as all taxa
are also known from the Mediterranean area.
The biostratigraphic value of the assemblage is hard to
evaluate due to the scarceness of ecologically equivalent fau-
nas. Only the pteropod Balantium collina (Janssen & Zorn
2001) is known so far only from the Burdigalian of Italy.
Calliotropis? sp., Polinices cerovaensis nov. sp. and Nassarius
janschloegli nov. sp. are only known from Cerová and may
represent Karpatian marker species. Amalda glandiformis
(Lamarck, 1810), Galeodea echinophora (Linnaeus, 1758),
Conolithus antidiluvianus (Brugui
e
re, 1792), Ringicula mi-
nor (Grateloup, 1838) and Fissidentalium badense (Partsch
in Hörnes, 1856) appear already during the Early Miocene
and persist throughout the Miocene. Others, such as Stellaria
testigera (Bronn, 1831), Mitrella hilberi (Cossmann, 1901),
Genota valeriae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), Cylichna cf.
salbriacensis (Peyrot, 1932), Sabatia callifera Boettger,
1906, Gadila gracilina Sacco, 1897 and Gadilina taurogra-
cilis Sacco, 1897 have not been known so far from the Early
Miocene but are documented from the Langhian. This indi-
cates that the Langhian deep water fauna is largely rooted in
Burdigalian species. Moreover, the herein described
Burdigalian assemblage displays several – probably closely
related – counterparts in the Late Oligocene bathyal faunas
of Hungary. These counterparts are Nassarius schlotheimi
(Beyrich, 1854), Cylichna burdigalensis (sensu Báldi 1973),
Ringicula paulucciae (sensu Báldi 1973), Gadila gracilina
(sensu Báldi 1973), Gadilina taurogracilis (sensu Báldi
1973). Thus, no big turnover seems to have taken place as
far as this can be judged from the fragmentary data.
Fig. 1. A—B – Geographic position of the Cerová section on the eastern border of the Vienna Basin; 1 – European platform, 2 – Car-
pathian-Alpine externides, 3 – Pieniny Klippen Belt, 4 – Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaride and Pannonian internids, 5 – Neogene volcanites,
6 – Neogene basins. B – Bükk, CEA – Central Eastern Alps, CWC – Central Western Carpathians, M – Mecsek, MA – Magura
Group, NCA – Northern Calcareous Alps, RF – Rhenodanubian Flysh Zone, TCR – Transdanubian Central Range, W – Waschberg
Unit, ZD – Ždánice Unit. C – lithology of the section; numbers indicate the position of the samples as mentioned in the text; a – mas-
sive calcareous clay, b – thin tempestite layers with plant remains, c – thin siltstone/sandstone layers or silt lenses.
è
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This pattern is also reflected by the bivalve assemblage.
All bivalve species from Cerová pass the Early-Middle Mio-
cene boundary and are present also in the Badenian deep wa-
ter deposits. Five species are restricted to the Early and
Middle Miocene: Leionucula ehrlichi (Hoernes, 1875),
Limaria labani (Meznerics, 1936), Lucina callipteryx
Tournouer, 1874, Laternula fuchsi (Hoernes, 1875), and
Cardiomya elegantissima (Hoernes, 1875). All other species
except for Nucula mayeri (Hörnes, 1865) persist even into the
Pliocene. The latter, together with Yoldia nitida (Brocchi,
1814), Solemya doderleini Mayer, 1861, Atrina pectinata
(Linnaeus, 1767), Macoma elliptica (Brocchi, 1814), and
Thyasira flexuosa (Montagu, 1803), already occurs during the
Oligocene.
Bathymetry
An ecologically highly significant taxon is the scaphopod
Gadilina taurogracilis. Its descendent Gadilina triquetra
(Brocchi, 1814) is widespread in Pliocene deposits of Italy.
According to Ceregato et al. (2007) it is strictly bathyal and
indicative for unstable deep marine environments with high
sedimentation rates. Such Gadilina-dominated assemblages
are part of the widespread Early Pliocene Korobkovia oblon-
ga—Jupiteria concava paleocommunity of Ceregato et al.
(2007) which contains also Stellaria testigera and Galeodea
echinophora. As mentioned above, the Hungarian Hinia-
Cadulus paleocommunity of Báldi (1973) is an Oligocene
counterpart in the Paratethys (=Nassarius-Gadila paleocom-
munity according to modern systematics).
Material
The material is stored in the collection of the Natural Histo-
ry Museum Bratislava, Department of Geology and Paleonto-
logy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in
Bratislava and in the Natural History Museum Vienna (only
type material).
Class: Gastropoda Cuvier, 1797
Subclass: Orthogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg, 1996
Superorder: Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen & Haszprunar,
1987
Superfamily: Seguenzioidea Verrill, 1884
Family: Chilodontidae Wenz, 1938
?Genus: Calliotropis Seguenza, 1903
Calliotropis
? sp.
M a t e r i a l: 1 shell fragment (sample number: 20—21); dia-
meter: 5.3 mm.
R e m a r k s: A very poorly preserved specimen, which does
not allow a clear identification. The base bears 4—5 blunt spi-
ral ribs which are crossed by sharp, wide-spaced axial ribs.
Small nodes appear at the intersections and a slightly more
prominent spiral rib forms a peripheral keel. The umbilicus is
wide and open. No comparable vetigastropod is described
from Paratethyan and Mediterranean Miocene deposits.
Suborder: Hypsogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
Infraordo: Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
Superfamily: Naticoidea Guilding, 1834
Family: Naticidae Guilding, 1834
Subfamily: Polinicinae Gray, 1847
Genus: Polinices Montfort, 1810
Polinices cerovaensis
Harzhauser nov. sp.
Fig. 2.1—3
M a t e r i a l: 12 shells (sample numbers: 5—6, 6, 7, 7—8, 13—
14, 14, 15, 15—16, 16—17, 19, 20, 21).
H o l o t y p e: NHMW 2010/0080/0001; height: 6.9 mm,
diameter: 6.5 mm (Fig. 2.1).
Fig. 2. 1—3 – Polinices cerovaensis Harzhauser nov. sp. 1 – holotype NHMW 2010/0080/0001, 2 – paratype NHMW 2010/0080/0002,
3 – a third, not fully grown specimen.
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P a r a t y p e: NHMW 2010/0080/0002; height: 9.1 mm, dia-
meter: 7 mm (Fig. 2.2).
S t r a t u m t y p i c u m: Grey calcareous silt of the Lakšárska
Nová Ves Formation.
T y p e l o c a l i t y: Cerová-Lieskové, Slovak Republic.
A g e: Early Miocene, late Burdigalian; Karpatian.
N a m e: Referring to the type locality.
D i a g n o s i s: A small Polinices with globose to broad drop-
shaped outline. The small, moderately thickened parietal cal-
lus bears a shallow sulcus.
D e s c r i p t i o n: A small naticid which ranges between 5—
10 mm in height. Small, depressed turbiniform protoconch of
1.7 convex whorls. Globose to slender globose shell consist-
ing of 3—4 convex whorls. The spire height is quite variable
and ranges from moderately elevated to low. The last whorl is
nearly straight sided close to the upper suture or may even
form a very shallow and indistinct concavity, causing a broad
drop-shaped outline. Shell surface smooth except for proso-
cline growth lines. These may be more prominent in the adapi-
cal third of the whorls. In one specimen these growth lines are
quite strongly developed on the penultimate whorl. The parie-
tal callus is small, moderately thick, well demarcated from the
base and develops a shallow sulcus in its middle. This callus
covers large parts of the umbilicus which is deep but narrow
and sickle shaped.
R e m a r k s: A common species at Cerová. Its small size
and the sulcus on the parietal callus separate this species dis-
tinctly from Polinices pseudoredemptus (Friedberg, 1923)
which occurs in coastal marine and brackish environments
during the Karpatian and Badenian (Harzhauser 2002). Po-
linices proredemptus (Sacco, 1891) from the Early Miocene
of Italy and France, lacks the sulcus, has a depressed spherical
shape and develops a wide lobe of the parietal callus and a
second lobe on the base (Cossmann & Peyrot 1919). The sul-
cus also separates the new species from the French Early Mio-
cene Polinices benoisti (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1919) which has
a similar shape but develops a wider and deeper umbilicus
(Cosmann & Peyrot 1919; Lozouet et al. 2001). Polinices
turbinoides (Grateloup, 1828), from the Early Miocene of
France, develops a more slender shape with high penultimate
whorl (Cossmann & Peyrot 1919).
Family: Xenophoridae Troschel, 1852
Genus: Stellaria Schmidt in Möller, 1832
Stellaria testigera
(Bronn, 1831)
Fig. 3.2—4
1831 Phos testigerus Bronn, p. 61
2004 Stellaria testigera testigera (Bronn, 1831) – Landau et al., p. 85,
pl. 19, figs. 3—4 (cum syn.)
M a t e r i a l: 2 shells (sample numbers: 15, 20); diameter:
27—30 mm.
R e m a r k s: A rare species at Cerová. The identification is
based on the characteristic rugose sculpture that undulates
along the lower sutures and especially close to the long digita-
tions. The attached objects are small molluscs such as nassari-
ids and bivalve fragments. This is the first Early Miocene
record of Stellaria testigera which is otherwise documented
only from the Middle Miocene to Pliocene of the Paratethys
and the Mediterranean Sea (see Landau et al. 2004 for details).
In the Vienna Basin it is restricted to deeper marine clays of
the Badenian stage.
Superfamily: Tonnoidea Suter, 1913
Family: Tonnidae Suter 1913
Family: Cassidae Latreille, 1825
Genus: Galeodea Link, 1807
Galeodea echinophora
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Fig. 3.1
1758 Buccinum echinophorum Linnaeus, p. 735
2009 Galeodea echinophora (Linnaeus, 1758) – Landau, p. 66, pl. 3,
figs. 1—2 (cum syn.)
M a t e r i a l: 17 shells (sample numbers: 5—6, 15, 16—17,
17—18, 18—19, 20—21, P2—5); mostly fragments; the size
seems to have ranged between 40—50 mm.
Fig. 3. 1 – Galeodea echinophora (Linnaeus, 1758), 2—4 – Stellaria testigera (Bronn, 1831).
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R e m a r k s: One of the most abundant gastropods at
Cerová. A strongly sculptured morphotype predominates with
three spiral rows of strong nodes on the last whorl and a fourth
row of spiny nodes along the shoulder. The shells are usually
strongly fragmented and have been destroyed before deposi-
tion. Obviously, it was the favourite prey for crushing preda-
tors such as decapods or molluscivore fish. The species
appears during the Early Miocene and is still present in the
Mediterranean Sea and along the coast of western Africa
(Ardovini & Cossignani 2004). In the Paratethys it is known
from the Eggenburgian to the Badenian (see Landau et al.
2009 for details).
Infraorder: Neogastropoda Wenz, 1938
Superfamily: Buccinoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Family: Columbellidae Swainson, 1840
Genus: Mitrella Risso, 1826
Mitrella hilberi
(Cossmann, 1901) nov. comb.
Fig. 4.2
1879 Columbella carinata Hilber, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 3 (non Columbella cari-
nata Hinds, 1844)
1880 Columbella carinata Hilber – Hoernes & Auinger, p. 97, pl.12,
figs. 9—11
1901 Atilia (Macrurella) hilberi Cossmann, p. 245
1966 Columbella (Atilia) hilberi Cossmann – Strausz, p. 293, pl. 12,
fig. 12
M a t e r i a l: 1 cast and silicone mould (sample number: 17);
height: 15.4 mm, diameter: 4.3 mm.
R e m a r k s: The specimen differs from the type of Mitrella
hilberi from the Early Badenian of the Styrian Basin in its less
angulated transition towards the base. Specimens from the
Early Badenian of Kostej in Romania, illustrated by Hoernes
& Auinger (1880), are also characterized by a less prominent
angulation and correspond fully to the shell from Cerová. The
specimen from the Badenian of Sámsonháza in Hungary, il-
lustrated in Strausz (1966), also belongs to this morphotype.
The separation from Mitrella petersi (Hilber, 1879) would
need further confirmation but seems to be justified based on
the nearly straight sided whorls and the more slender outline
of the type of M. petersi. Mitrella aquitanica (Peyrot, 1925)
from the Aquitanian of France is stout and has a shorter last
whorl.
Mitrella hilberi was known so far only from marl and clay
of the Badenian stage.
Family: Nassariidae Iredale, 1916
Genus: Nassarius Duméril, 1806
Nassarius janschloegli
Harzhauser nov. sp.
Fig. 5.1—4
M a t e r i a l: 22 shells (sample numbers: 5—6, 7, 7—8, 8—9, 12,
13—14, 14, 15, 16—17, 17, 17—18, 18—19, 19—20, 21, 21—22,
P2—5).
H o l o t y p e: NHMW 2010/0079/0001; height: 6.1 mm, dia-
meter: 4.1 mm (Fig. 5.1).
P a r a t y p e 1: NHMW 2010/0079/0002; height: 6.9 mm,
diameter: 4.3 mm (Fig. 5.2).
P a r a t y p e 2: NHMW 2010/0079/0003; diameter: 3.3 mm
(Fig. 5.4).
S t r a t u m t y p i c u m: Grey calcareous silt of the Lakšárska
Nová Ves Formation.
T y p e l o c a l i t y: Cerová-Lieskové, Slovak Republic.
A g e: Early Miocene, late Burdigalian, Karpatian.
N a m e: In honor of Jan Schlögl, paleontologist at the
Comenius University, Bratislava.
D i a g n o s i s: Small shell with elevated spire of 2.5 weakly
convex spire whorls and a broader, convex last whorl. Sculp-
ture consisting of prosocline to slightly sigmoidal axial ribs
which cross weaker, broad spiral ribs. Nodes appear at the in-
tersections. A conspicuous row of nodes at the upper suture
causes a stepped outline.
Fig. 4. 1 – Amalda glandiformis (Lamarck, 1810), 2 – Mitrella hilberi (Cossmann, 1901), 3—4 – Genota valeriae (Hoernes & Auinger,
1891), 5 – Conolithus antidiluvianus (Brugui
è
re, 1792).
è
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D e s c r i p t i o n: The species has a 1-mm-broad, low dome-
shaped protoconch consisting of 3.5 convex whorls. The sec-
ond protoconch whorl bears 2—3 faint spiral threads in the
upper third; additional wrinkled spirals seem to appear close
to the lower suture on the last protoconch whorl (this feature is
obscured by the poor preservation). The teleoconch develops a
moderately high and stepped spire of three weakly convex
whorls and a broader, convex last whorl. The sculpture of the
early whorls consists of narrow prosocline to weakly sigmoi-
dal axial ribs and less prominent, broader spiral ribs separated
by shallow interspaces. The intersections tend to form small
pointed nodes. The spiral ribs become stronger towards the
last whorl but the axial ribs remain the dominating sculpture.
The uppermost row of nodes along the upper suture is distinct-
ly stronger, slightly separated from the next row and causes
the stepped profile. In some specimens, the second row below
the upper suture is also somewhat more prominent and forms
a pair of nodes on the adapical termination of the axial ribs.
The spiral sculpture becomes weak on the last whorl below the
point of maximum convexity but reappears as 2—3 sharp bead-
ed spiral threads on the base. The aperture is ovoid; columella
strongly concave, adapically nearly straight with two broad
denticles. Two further denticles occur close to the wide and
deep siphonal canal. Columellar callus moderately thickened,
clearly delimited. Outer lip terminating in a smooth bevelled
edge; five strong and elongate denticles occur at some dis-
tance from the termination.
R e m a r k s: A highly reminiscent species is Nassarius
schlotheimi (Beyrich, 1854) as described from the Late
Oligocene of Hungary (Báldi 1973). It displays a similar
variability in sculpture, agrees in the development of the adsu-
tural row of nodes and has a similar large protoconch but lacks
the prominent denticles in the outer lip and has more convex
whorls. Interestingly, Nassarius schlotheimi was described by
Báldi (1973) as member of the bathyal communities. Both
species belong to a morphological group which is represent-
ed during the Early Miocene by species such as Nassarius
pauli (Hoernes, 1875), Nassarius illovensis (Hoernes &
Auinger 1882), Nassarius perpulchra (Bellardi, 1882) and
Nassarius incerta (Bellardi, 1882).
Nassarius pauli, from the Ottnangian stage of Upper Austria,
might be a close relative. Parallels are the large bulbous proto-
conch and the row of small nodes along the shoulder
(Harzhauser & Kowalke 2004). Differences are the much larger
size of N. pauli, which attains about double the height, and the
much shorter spire. Moreover, N. pauli develops broader axial
ribs which bear broader rounded nodes. Nassarius illovensis,
which occurs in Middle Miocene offshore marls in the Para-
tethys, is much larger and stout (Harzhauser & Kowalke
2004). Its spire whorls are more convex; the sculpture differs
in its dense and regular pattern of nodes. Nassarius incerta,
from the Burdigalian of the Italian Turin Hills, is strongly
reminiscent of the species from Cerová but lacks the stepped
outline, the adsutural row of nodes and is much larger (Ferrero
Mortara et al. 1981). Nassarius perpulchra, from the Burdiga-
lian of the Italian Turin Hills, develops a very similar sculp-
ture but has a broader spire and develops a conspicuous bulgy
convexity in the lower third of the last whorl (Ferrero Mortara
et al. 1981). Nassarius janschloegli was a small nassariid
which was probably adapted to deeper marine environments.
Superfamily: Olivoidea Latreille, 1825
Family: Olividae Latreille, 1825
Genus: Amalda Adams & Adams, 1852
Amalda glandiformis
(Lamarck, 1810)
Fig. 4.1
1810 Ancillaria glandiformis Lamarck, p. 305
1997 Ancilla (Baryspira) glandiformis (Lamarck) – Bałuk, p. 24, pl. 6,
figs. 1—11
2002 Amalda (Baryspira) glandiformis (Lamarck) – Harzhauser, p. 109,
pl. 8, fig. 19 (cum syn.)
M a t e r i a l: 1 spire fragment (found in scree material); di-
ameter: 9 mm.
R e m a r k s: The wide apical angle and thick callus agree
fully with Amalda glandiformis and can be easily separated
from Amalda obsoleta (Brocchi, 1814), which is typical for
deeper marine deposits. Typically, the slender elongate A. ob-
soleta predominates in the Badenian clay of the Vienna Basin
Fig. 5. 1—4 – Nassarius janschloegli Harzhauser nov. sp., 1 – holotype NHMW 2010/0079/0001, 2 – paratype NHMW 2010/00879/0002,
4 – paratype NHMW 2010/00879/0003.
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and the Korytnica clay in Poland, whilst small-sized A.
glandiformis are rare. This polymorphic species (or species
flock) appears during the Oligocene, flourishes during the
Miocene in all European seas and persists in the Mediterra-
nean Sea and the Eastern Atlantic up the Pliocene (Landau &
Marques da Silva 2006). During the Karpatian it is a frequent
species in shallow marine settings of the Korneuburg Basin in
Austria (Harzhauser 2002).
Superfamily: Conoidea Fleming, 1822
Family: Conolithidae Tucker and Tenorio, 2009
Genus: Conolithus Swainson, 1840
Conolithus antidiluvianus
(Brugui
e
re, 1792)
Fig. 4.5
1792 Conus antidiluvianus Brugui
e
re, p. 637, pl. 347, fig. 6
1964 Conus antidiluvianus Brugui
e
re – Hall, p. 17, pl. 2, fig. 7
1966 Conus (Conolithus) antediluvianus Brugui
e
re – Strausz, p. 451,
pl. 66, fig. 10, pl. 67, fig. 1
1998 Conus (Conolithus) antediluvianus Brugui
e
re – Schultz, p. 72,
pl. 29, fig. 9
M a t e r i a l: 1 shell (found in scree material); height: 8 mm,
diameter: 3.5 mm.
R e m a r k s: The small slender shell is characterized by a
stepped spire with small, triangular nodes at the shoulder,
pointing in adapical direction. The base bears a sculpture of
delicate spiral furrows in the lower third. These features are
typical for Conolithus antidiluvianus, which is a common
species in Miocene offshore clays. In the Paratethys, it is re-
corded from Ottnangian “Schlier” facies in the North Alpine
Foreland Basin (Hoernes 1875), from the Karpatian of the
Vienna Basin (Harzhauser 2003) and from the Badenian of
the Vienna Basin and the Pannonian Basin complex (Strausz
1966). In the Mediterranean and the Eastern Atlantic it ap-
pears during the Early Miocene (e.g. late Burdigalian deep
sublittoral environments of the Mut Basin in Turkey; Mandic
et al. 2004), reaches the North Sea during the Middle Mio-
cene (Janssen 1984) and persists in the Mediterranean Sea up
to the Pliocene (Chirli 1997).
Hall (1964) pointed out that antediluvianus, which is com-
monly used in the literature, is a spelling error for the correct
antidiluvianus.
Family: Conorbinae de Gregorio, 1890
Genus: Genota Adams & Adams, 1853
Genota valeriae
(Hoernes & Auinger, 1891)
Fig. 4.3—4
1891 Pleurotoma (Genota) valeriae Hoernes & Auinger, p. 311, pl. 34,
fig. 15
1966 Genota ramosa valeriae Hoernes & Auinger – Strausz, p. 448,
fig. 198
2003 Genota (Genota) valeriae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) – Bałuk,
p. 55, pl. 18, figs. 4—6
M a t e r i a l: 2 shells (sample numbers: 15, 17); height: ca.
30 mm, diameter: ca. 9 mm.
R e m a r k s: The fragments agree well with the type materi-
al from Lapugiu de Sus in Romania in the collections of the
Natural History Museum Vienna. Its protoconch corresponds
largely to that of Genota ramosa (Basterot, 1825) as illustrat-
ed by Janssen (1984) supporting a close relationship between
the two species. Whilst G. ramosa is widespread in shallow
marine environments during the Early Miocene in the Mediter-
ranean, the Eastern Atlantic and the North Sea, its relative
Genota valeriae is known so far only from deeper marine Bade-
nian marls of Romania, Hungary, Poland and Austria. The oc-
currence at Cerová is thus the oldest record of the species.
Superfamily: Pyramidelloidea Gray, 1840
Family: Pyramidellidae Gray, 1840
Genus: Pyramidella Lamarck, 1799
Pyramidella
cf. gratteloupi d’Orbigny, 1852
Fig. 6.1
Fig. 6. 1 – Pyramidella cf. gratteloupi d’Orbigny, 1852, 2 – Ringicula minor (Grateloup, 1838), 3—4 – Balantium collina (Janssen &
Zorn, 2001).
è
è
è
è
è
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cf. 1852 Pyramidella gratteloupi d’Orbigny, p. 34
cf. 2001 Pyramidella gratteloupi (d’Orbigny) – Lozouet et al., p. 74,
pl. 36, fig. 6
1932 Roxania helvetica var. salbriacensis Peyrot, p. 198, pl. 13,
figs. 36, 40
M a t e r i a l: 1 shell (sample number: 16); height: 6.8 mm,
diameter: 2.1 mm.
R e m a r k s: The preservation does not allow a clear identi-
fication. Size and shape are reminiscent of the Early Miocene
Pyramidella gratteloupi from France. Shells from the Middle
Miocene of the Paratethys which are treated as Pyramidella
plicosa (Bronn, 1838) in the literature and in the collection of
the NHMW differ in their lower early spire whorls. The later
teleoconch of these shells, however, is nearly indistinguish-
able from the shell from Cerová. (Note that the original spell-
ing in d’Orbigny (1852) is gratteloupi instead of grateloupi.)
Order: Opistobranchia Milne-Edwards, 1848
Suborder: Cephalaspidea Fischer, 1883
Superfamily: Ringiculoidea Philippi, 1853
Family: Ringiculidae Philippi, 1853
Genus: Ringicula Deshayes in Lamarck, 1838
Ringicula minor
(Grateloup, 1838)
Fig. 6.2
1838 Auricula ringens var. b. minor Grateloup, p. 286, pl. 6, fig. 8
1878 Ringicula paulucciae Morlet, p. 266, pl. 6, fig. 6, pl. 8, fig. 9
1878 Ringicula (Ringiculella) tournoueri Morlet, p. 287, pl. 6, fig. 10
1954 Ringicula (Ringiculella) auriculata paulucciae Morlet – Berger,
p. 7, figs. 3—18
1984 Ringicula (Ringiculella) paulucciae Morlet – Švagrovský, p. 184,
pl. 2, fig. 6
1998 Ringicula paulucciae Morlet – Valdés & Héros, p. 700, fig. 2f
1998 Ringicula tournoueri Morlet – Valdés & Héros, p. 700, fig. 3g
2001 Ringicula minor (Grateloup) – Lozouet et al., p. 80, pl. 37, fig. 1
M a t e r i a l: 3 fragments (sample numbers: 13, 16, 19—20);
diameter: 5.1 mm.
R e m a r k s: The ringiculids of the Paratethys have been
studied by Berger (1954) who mainly referred to Morlet
(1878) but failed to integrate other French literature (e.g. Pey-
rot 1932). Consequently, he assigned the Early and Middle
Miocene Paratethyan ringiculid shells with elongate spire and
spiral sculpture to Ringicula paulucciae Morlet, 1878 and its
synonym Ringicula tournoueri Morlet, 1878 (illustrated in
Valdez & Herós 1998). Later, Lozouet et al. (2001) showed
that the types of these species are conspecific with Ringicula
minor (Grateloup, 1838). Ringicula minor, though referred to
as Ringicula paulucciae in Paratethys literature, is a wide-
spread species during the Early and Middle Miocene in the
Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Central Para-
tethys. Many Paratethyan shells, referred to as Ringicula
buccinea (Brocchi, 1814), by Strausz (1966) and Atanacković
(1985) represent R. minor as well.
Superfamily: Philinoidea Gray, 1850
Family: Cylichnidae Adams & Adams, 1854
Genus: Cylichna Lovén, 1846
Cylichna
cf. salbriacensis (Peyrot, 1932)
Fig. 7.2—4
M a t e r i a l: 8 shells (sample numbers: 5—6, 7—8, 9, 16—17,
17—18, 19—20, 20—21, P2—5); height: 9—16 mm, diameter:
4.5—7 mm.
R e m a r k s: A large, subcylindrical shell with conspicuous
spiral sculpture on the spire and the lower third of the last
whorl. The prominent spirals on the base are duplex-rib pairs
with a narrow thread-like furrow separating each pair. These
are then separated from each other by deep spiral furrows. The
sculpture is only reduced in the middle part of the whorl.
Cylichna salbriacensis (Peyrot, 1932), from the Langhian
of the Aquitaine is highly reminiscent concerning shape,
size and sculpture. This species was introduced by Peyrot
(1932) as a subspecies of Roxania helvetica Peyrot, 1932
(non Roxania helvetica Berger, 1953) from Saubrigues in
France. Cylichna helvetica differs from Cylichna salbriacen-
sis in its much finer sculpture and the elongate barrel-shaped
outline, whereas C. salbriacensis develops a slight convexity
on the adapical third similar to the shells from Cerová.
The species is missing in the revision on Miocene opistho-
branchs from the Vienna Basin by Berger (1953). This may be
caused by the fact that Berger (1953) did not consider any spe-
cies from the Miocene of France described by Peyrot (1932).
Nevertheless, a shell in the collection of the NHMW from the
Early Badenian of Kostej in Romania, which was mentioned
by Hörnes (1856) as Bulla brocchi Michelotti, 1847, is con-
specific with the specimens from Cerová. The Romanian
shells were later treated as the much younger Retusa brocchii
(Michelotti) by Berger (1953) or as Retusa testiculina (Bonelli)
by Boettger (1906). The former name refers to a Late Miocene
or Pliocene Mediterranean species with very weak to absent
spiral sculpture and the latter name is a mere catalogue name
and is invalid. Shells from the Early Badenian of Lower Aus-
tria, erroneously identified as C. pliocrassa by Berger (1953),
may be conspecific with the species from Cerová. The
Pliocene Cylichnina pliocrassa Sacco, 1897, however, differs
from the Cerová species and that of Berger (1953) in its deli-
cate sculpture and the sub-parallel flanks of the last whorl.
Genus: Sabatia Bellardi, 1877
Sabatia callifera
Boettger, 1906
Fig. 7.1
1856 Bulla utriculus Brocchi – Hörnes, p. 618 (partim), pl. 50, fig. 2
(non Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814))
1906 Sabatia callifera n. sp. Boettger, p. 205
1934 Sabatia callifera Boettger – Zilch, p. 278, pl. 22, fig. 20
1953 Roxania (Sabatia) callifera callifera (Boettger) – Berger, p. 112,
pl. 18, fig. 78
1985 Roxania (Roxania) callifera (Boettger) – Atanacković, p. 188,
pl. 42, figs. 4—5
M a t e r i a l: 4 specimens (sample numbers: 13, 14, 16—17,
19); height: 5 mm, diameter: 3 mm.
R e m a r k s: Only two fragments were found at Cerová.
Most parts of the shells are covered by sediment and therefore
the identification is difficult. Nevertheless, size, shape, spire
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morphology and the conspicuous sculpture agree fully with
Middle Miocene shells of Sabatia callifera. This rare species
was described so far only from deeper marine clays of Early
Badenian age from Lapugiu de Sus in Romania and from a
few sections in the Vienna Basin (Berger 1953). Additionally,
it is reported from the Badenian of Bulgaria and Bosnia
(Atanacković 1985). This record is, thus, the oldest occur-
rence of the species.
Superorder: Heterobranchia Gray, 1840
Order: Thecosomata Blainville, 1823
Superfamily: Cavoliniodea Fischer, 1883
Family: Cliidae Jeffreys, 1869
Genus: Balantium Bellardi, 1872
Balantium collina
(Janssen & Zorn, 2001)
Fig. 6.3—4
2001 Clio (Balantium) collina spec. nov. Janssen & Zorn, p. 47, fig. 1
M a t e r i a l: 12 shells, (sample numbers: 5—6, 6—7, 8—9,
10—11, 12, 13—14, 14—15, 16—17, 17—18, 19, 19—20, 21);
length: 16 mm, diameter: 8 mm.
R e m a r k s: A common species at Cerová; the shells appear
as isolated specimens without forming distinct layers. The
species was originally described by Janssen & Zorn (2001)
from the Burdigalian Termô-Fôr
a
Formation of the Turin
Hills. It is thus a good biostratigraphic marker for the Burdiga-
lian age of the Lakšárska Nová Ves Formation and documents
the open marine connection between the Karpatian Paratethys
and the Burdigalian Mediterranean Sea.
Class: Scaphopoda Bronn, 1862
Order: Dentaliida da Cosat, 1776
Family: Dentaliidae Children, 1834
Genus: Fissidentalium Fischer, 1885
Fissidentalium badense
(Partsch in Hörnes, 1856)
Fig. 8.6—7
1856 Dentalium Badense Hörnes, p. 652, pl. 50, fig. 30
1991 Fissidentalium badense (Partsch in Hörnes, 1856) – Pavia, p. 146,
pl. 5, fig. 4, pl. 6, fig. 6 (cum syn.)
M a t e r i a l: 5 shells, (sample numbers: 5—6, 6—7, 17, 18,
21); length: 41 mm, diameter: 5 mm.
R e m a r k s: This species appears during the Burdigalian in
the Mediterranean where it is found in the Turin Hills (Sacco
1897) and in deep water deposits of the Mut Basin in Turkey
(Mandic et al. 2004). The specimens from Cerová are the first
Early Miocene record of this species from the Paratethys. Dur-
ing the Langhian it is widespread from the Eastern Atlantic
(Cossmann & Peyrot 1917), the Mediterranean and the Para-
tethys Sea and persists in the Mediterranean Sea up the Late
Miocene (Pavia 1991).
Family: Gadilinidae Chistikov, 1975
Genus: Gadilina Foresti, 1895
Gadilina taurogracilis
Sacco, 1897
Fig. 8.1—2
1897 Gadilina triquetra var. taurogracilis Sacco, p. 114, pl. 10,
figs. 44—46
1991 Gadilina triquetra taurogracilis Sacco – Pavia, p. 130, pl. 7,
fig. 3a—b
M a t e r i a l : 8 shells, (sample number: 8—9, 10—11, 14,
16—17, 18—19, 19—20, P2—5 and scree material); length:
29 mm, diameter: 3 mm.
R e m a r k s: The slender, smooth and glossy shells are weak-
ly triangular in cross-section with rounded edges. This species
was introduced by Sacco (1897) from the Langhian of the Mon-
te dei Cappuccini in the Turin Hills. He considered it a subspe-
cies of the Late Miocene to Pliocene deep water scaphopod
Gadilina triquetra (Brocchi, 1814). Pavia (1991) designated a
lectotype, re-illustrated the specimen and emphasized the less
angular edges and the more slender outline of the Middle Mio-
cene taxon. An even earlier record of this species is presented
Fig. 7. 1 – Sabatia callifera Boettger, 1906, 2—4 – Cylichna cf. salbriacensis (Peyrot, 1932).
à
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by Cosmann & Peyrot (1917) from the Chattian of Aquitaine
in France and by Báldi (1973) from the Chattian of Hungary.
The small, less curved and ovoid instead of trigonal Oligocene
specimens, however, seem to represent another species.
Order: Gadilida Starobogatov, 1974
Suborder: Gadilimorpha Steiner, 1992
Family: Gadilidae Stoliczka, 1868
Genus: Gadila Gray, 1847
Gadila gracilina
Sacco, 1897
Fig. 8.3—5
1897 Gadila gadus var. gracilina Sacco, p. 117, pl. 10, figs. 86—87
1991 Gadila gracilina Sacco – Pavia, p. 144, pl. 8, figs. 1—4
M a t e r i a l: 8 shells, (sample numbers: 5—6, 6—7, 13—14,
15—16, 16—17, 17—18, 19—20, P2—5); length: 13—19 mm, dia-
meter: 3.5 mm.
R e m a r k s: The most common scaphopod at Cerová. The
maximum diameter of the smooth and glossy shell is devel-
oped close to the rapidly contracting anterior aperture. This
feature distinguishes Gadila gracilina from the shorter Gadila
ventricosa (Bronn, 1827) which has a much longer part be-
tween aperture and maximum diameter. The latter species ap-
pears in the Badenian of the Paratethys (Pavia 1991) whereas
Gadila gracilina was unknown so far from this sea. It was
originally described by Sacco (1897) from the Langhian of the
Monte Cappuccini in the Turin Hills and from the Late Mio-
cene of Sant’Agata. One syntype was re-illustrated by Ferrero-
Mortara et al. (1984) and Pavia (1991) provided a
re-description. Another Langhian occurrence is mentioned by
Cosmann & Peyrot (1917) from the Aquitaine. Chattian oc-
currences in Hungary (Báldi 1973) and France (Cosmann &
Peyrot 1917) need confirmation.
Class: Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758
Subclass: Protobranchia Pelseneer, 1889
Order: Nuculida Dall, 1889
Superfamily: Nuculoidea Gray, 1824
Family: Nuculidae Gray, 1824
Genus: Nucula Lamarck, 1799
Nucula mayeri
Hörnes, 1865
Fig. 9.1
1865 Nucula Mayeri Hörn. – Hörnes, p. 296—297, pl. 38, fig. 1
1875 Nucula Mayeri M. Hoern. – Hoernes, p. 377, pl. 14, fig. 10
1912 Nucula Mayeri Hoernes – Cossmann & Peyrot, p. 219—221, pl. 5,
figs. 21—24
2001 Nucula (Nucula) mayeri Hörnes, 1865 – Schultz, p. 2, pl. 1,
figs. 3—4
M a t e r i a l: 1 single left shell fragment embedded in sedi-
ment with interior side down (sample 18). Length (interpo-
lated) 7.2 mm, height (interpolated) 6.4 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell small, strongly convex, ovoid in outline,
elongated anteriorly, smooth with very fine concentric
lamellae on the proximal shell exterior and very fine radial
striae of which proximally every fifth is a little more promi-
nent. Determination is based on microscope comparison
with type material stored in the NHMW collection. Except
for the about 2.5 smaller size the specimen coincides very
well with the type specimens.
The species occurs throughout the Late Oligocene and
Miocene in the Central Paratethys, the Mediterranean Sea
and the Eastern Atlantic (Tejkal et al. 1967; Báldi 1973;
Steininger 1973; Schultz 2001).
Genus: Leionucula Quenstedt, 1930
Leionucula ehrlichi
(Hoernes, 1875) nov. comb.
Fig. 9.2
1875 Nucula Ehrlichi nov. sp. – Hoernes, p. 378—379, pl. 14, figs. 11—13
1954 Nucula ehrlichi R. Hoernes – Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 62, 121,
pl. 13, fig. 14
2001 Nucula (?Nucula) ehrlichi Hoernes, 1875 – Schultz, p. 1—2, pl. 1,
figs. 1—2
Fig. 8. 1—2 – Gadilina taurogracilis Sacco, 1897, 3—5 – Gadila gracilina Sacco, 1897, 6—7 – Fissidentalium badense (Partsch in
Hörnes, 1856).
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M a t e r i a l: 1 articulated shell embedded in sediment with
left valve exterior up, 1 right valve with peeled off exterior layer
(samples: 13—15, 17 and 18); length: 8.5 mm, height: 6.5 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell small, low convex, longer than high with
ellipsoid outline, umbo slightly pointed and shifted posterior-
ly, shell wall thin, outer layer dull, inner layer shinny, shell ex-
terior ornamented by very fine growth lamellae, interior
margin not crenulated.
Except for the about two times smaller size, the specimen
corresponds fully to the type specimens from Ottnang in their
oval outline, thin shell wall and low-convex valve. The ab-
sence of a crenulation of the interior shell margin was not
mentioned by Hoernes (1875) but can be seen in the original
illustrations and the reproductions by Schultz (2001) and in all
specimens from the type locality housed in the NHMW col-
lection. In consequence of the latter feature, the species name
is now combined with Leionucula. The difference to L. laevi-
gata (Sowerby, 1818) is the more symmetrical outline result-
ing from the less posteriorly shifted umbo. The latter Neogene
species and its Paleogene predecessor (or synonym) L. pereg-
rina (Deshayes, 1858) have a reduced posterior shell portion
and develops a stronger postero-anterior shell elongation.
Based on its outline, the shells described as N. laevigata by
Tejkal et al. (1967) represent also Leionucula ehrlichi.
The species is restricted to the Ottnangian to Badenian of
the Central Paratethys, found between the Alpine Foredeep
and the North-Hungarian Basin (Tejkal et al. 1967; Steininger
1973; Schultz 2001).
Order: Nuculanoida Adams & Adams, 1858
Superfamily: Nuculanoidea Adams & Adams, 1858
Family: Yoldiidae Habe, 1977
Genus: Yoldia Möller, 1842
Yoldia nitida
(Brocchi, 1814)
Fig. 9.3—8
1814 Arca nitida: nob. – Brocchi, p. 482—483, pl. 11, fig. 3
1865 Leda nitida Brocc. – Hörnes, p. 308—309, pl. 38, fig. 9
1898 Yoldia nitida (BR.) – Sacco, p. 57—58, pl. 12, figs. 14—17
1989 Yoldia (Yoldia) nitida (Brocchi, 1814) – Andres, p. 328—329, pl. 1,
fig. 12
2001 Yoldia (Yoldia) nitida (Brocchi, 1814) – Schultz, p. 26, pl. 2,
figs. 3—4 (cum syn.)
M a t e r i a l: 2 articulated specimens, 8 left and 10 right
valves (samples: 5—6, 12, 16—17, 17, 17—18, 18—19, 19, 19—20,
20, 21—22 and scree material); LV – length: 11.8 mm, height:
6.8 mm, convexity: 1.8 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell small, thin walled, moderately convex,
dorsally inflated. Dorsal margin trigonal with pointed umbo
projecting over the hinge; ventral margin broadly convex,
posterior margin narrowly convex pointed; anterior margin
with broad rostrum. Shell exterior smooth with dorsally and
anteriorly developed fine, projecting, concentric lirae. Inte-
rior margin smooth, hinge taxodont with numerous fine
teeth. Some specimens tend to broaden the anterior margin
similar to Y. longa (Bellardi, 1875) from the Lower Mio-
cene of Ottnang in Lower Austria. The latter species is less
convex and smooth, missing the previously described con-
centric sculpture.
This species, originally described from the Upper Pliocene
of Northern Italy, is represented throughout the Miocene,
Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Paratethys, Mediterranean and
E Atlantic. In the Paratethys the oldest well documented
record is from the Ottnangian of the North Alpine Foreland
Basin (Schultz 2001).
Order: Solemyoida Dall, 1889
Suborder: Solemyina Dall, 1889
Superfamily: Solemyoidea Adams & Adams, 1857
Family: Solemyidae Gray, 1840
Genus: Solemya Lamarck, 1818
Solemya doderleini
Mayer, 1861
Fig. 10.1—2
1861 Solenomya Doderleini Mayer – Mayer, p. 364
1865 Solenomya Doderleini Mayer – Hörnes, p. 257, pl. 34, fig. 10
Fig. 9. 1 – Nucula mayeri (Hörnes, 1865), 2 – Leionucula ehrlichi (Hoernes, 1875), 3—8 – Yoldia nitida (Brocchi, 1814).
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1875 Solenomya Doderleini Mayer – Hoernes, p. 376, pl. 13, figs. 9—12
1901 Solenomya Doderleini (May.) – Sacco, p. 128—129, pl. 27, figs. 1—4
2001 Solemya doderleini (Mayer, 1861) – Schultz, p. 29—31, pl. 2, fig. 8
(cum syn.)
M a t e r i a l: 4 poorly preserved articulated specimens (sam-
ple: 16—17); length: 6 mm, height: 2.5 mm.
R e m a r k s: Small, fragile, dorso-ventrally elongated shells
with ellipsoid outline. Low shell convexity and ornamentation
by flattened radial folds and grooves on the exterior surface
which are posteriorly more prominent and anteriorly sup-
pressed. The specimens are extremely small and may repre-
sent juveniles. They show identical orientations and are
embedded within one single rock slab.
The species is present throughout the Oligocene to Miocene
in deep marine water deposits of the Mediterranean Sea and
from the Kiscellian to Badenian in the Paratethys Sea (Löffler
1999; Schultz 2001).
Subclass: Autobranchiata Grobben, 1894
Superorder: Pteriomorphia Beurlen, 1944
Order: Pteriida Newell, 1965
Suborder: Pinnina Waller, 1978
Superfamily: Pinnoidea Leach, 1819
Family: Pinnidae Leach, 1819
Genus: Atrina Gray, 1842
Atrina pectinata
(Linnaeus, 1767)
Fig. 10.3
1767 Pinna pectinata Linnaeus, p. 1160, nr. 264
1867 Pinna Brocchi d’Orb. – Hörnes, p. 372—373, pl. 50, fig. 2
1914 Atrina Basteroti no sp. – Cossmann & Peyrot, p. 67—69, pl. 11,
figs. 31—32
2001 Atrina pectinata brocchii (d’Orbigny, 1852) vel nov. ssp. –
Schultz, p. 133—136, pl. 10, figs. 5—6, pl. 11, fig. 1 (cum syn.)
M a t e r i a l: 1 left valve fragment and 2 shell fragments
(sample 17 At.B). Length/height of left valve fragment
31.0 mm/50.7 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell only fragmentarily preserved, with dull
surface layer mostly flaking off remaining shiny, nacreous in-
ner shell layer. It is flattened, elongated posteroanteriorly and
thin walled, bearing at its proximal exterior surface fine radial
ribblets. Its central and distal exterior bear coarse ribs dorsally
and coarse irregular comarginal rugae ventrally.
There is ongoing discussion of the subspecies level taxono-
my of A. pectinata (Pfister & Wegmüller 1994; Schultz 2001).
We consider “Pinna Brocchi d’Orb.” in any case for a mor-
photype of A. pectinata and follow the taxonomic concept of
Studencka et al. (1998). The taxonomic revision by Marquet
(1995) distinguishing between P. pectinata and P. fragilis
(Pennant, 1777) and proposing the renewed introduction of
distinguishing fossil subspecies names is not followed by sub-
sequent authors. This common species in Eggenburgian to
Badenian deposits of the Paratethys still lives in world oceans
and seas. It occurs from the tide level up to bathyal depths.
Order: Pectinoida Adams & Adams, 1858
Superfamily: Pectinoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Familiy: Propeamusiidae Abbott, 1954
Genus: Parvamussium Sacco, 1897
Parvamussium felsineum
(Foresti, 1893)
Fig. 11.1—4
1893 Amussium felsineum Foresti – Foresti, p. 381—382
1897 Variamussium felsineum (For.) – Sacco, p. 49, pl. 14, figs. 7—22
1928 Amussium felsineum Foresti – Depéret & Roman, p. 182—183,
text-fig. 5, pl. 27, figs. 7—12
1977 Propeamussium (Parvamussium) felsineum (Foresti, 1895) –
Jakubowski & Musiał, p. 91—92, pl. 5, figs. 11—13, pl. 6, figs. 1—2
2001 Propeamussium (Parvamussium) felsineum (Foresti, 1893) –
Schultz, p. 162, pl. 15, figs. 10—11
M a t e r i a l: 7 articulated shells, 6 single left valves and 7
single right valves (samples: 2 L + 2 A , 7: 1 A, 10: 1 A,
13—14: 1 R, 16—17: 1 A, 17: 1 R + 1 L, 17—18:
1 A+2 R+ 1 L, 18: 1 R, 19: 1 A+ 2 L+1 R, 21: 1 R;
other samples – 7—8, 8—9, 15—16, 19—20, 20—21 and scree
material). Dimensions: LV – height: 10.5 mm, length:
10.2 mm, convexity: 0.6 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell as high as long, low convex, circular in
outline, inclined anteriorly, dorsal margin straightened with
posterior ear small and anterior ear large and pointed. Right
valve exterior with regular, fine, slightly projecting comargin-
al lirae, left valve exterior with numerous (about 30 at central
disc portion) fine ribblets intersected by fine projecting lirae;
the number of ribblets increases distally by intercalation; scaly
nodes present at lirae/ribblet intersections. Interior with about
12 interior ribs restricted to proximal four fifths of height, the
very distal fifth with thinned shell wall.
Fig. 10. 1—2 – Solemya doderleini Mayer, 1861, 3 – Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus, 1767).
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The presence of radial ribblets on the left valve exterior sur-
face allows a differentiation of this species from P. duodecim-
lamellatum. In contrast to NW Bulgaria (Kojumdgieva &
Strachimirov 1960), no smooth left valves were recorded from
the Styrian and Vienna Basins and the identifications of P.
duodecimlamellatum in those basins is questionable (Deperet
& Roman 1928; Mikuž 1998; Schultz 2001). Because of the
prominent left valve sculpture, our specimens correspond to P.
felsineum morph. styriaca (Meznerics 1936).
P. felsineum is frequent in the Early Badenian of the Styrian
Basin and the northern Slovenia (Meznerics 1936; Mikuž
1998) and in the Early/Middle Badenian of the Vienna Basin
in Austria (Depéret & Roman 1928; Schultz 2001) and NW
Bulgaria, the Late Badenian of the Carpathian Foredeep in SE
Poland (Jakubowski & Musiał 1977) and the Pannonian Basin
in NE Hungary (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1960, 1966). Further,
the species is present from the Middle Miocene to Pliocene in
the Mediterranean Sea and the NE Atlantic. The type locality
of Ponticello in the Val de Savena near Bologna in Italy is of
Pliocene age.
Order: Limida Waller, 1978
Superfamily: Limoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Family: Limidae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus: Limea Bronn, 1831
Limea strigilata
(Brocchi, 1814)
Fig. 12.1—4
1814 Ostrea strigilata – Brocchi, p. 571, pl. 14, fig. 15
1867 Lima strigilata Brocc. – Hörnes, p. 392, pl. 54, fig. 7
1898 Limea strigilata (Br.) – Sacco, p. 21—22, pl. 6, figs. 4—7
1907 Limea strigilata Br. sp. – Cerulli-Irelli, p. 89, pl. 4, fig. 45
1914 Limea strigillata mut. subhelvetica nov. mut. – Cossmann &
Peyrot, p. 160—161, pl. 20, figs. 37—38
1984 Limea (Limea) aff. strigilata (Brocchi, 1814) – Janssen, p. 57,
pl. 26, fig. 4
M a t e r i a l: 1 articulated specimen, 5 left and 2 right valves
(samples: 5—6, 7, 13, 16—17, 17—18, and scree material). Di-
mensions: LV – height: 6.8 mm, length: 5.7 mm, convexi-
ty: 1.8 mm.
Fig. 11. 1—4 – Parvamussium felsineum (Foresti, 1893).
Fig. 12. 1—4 – Limea strigilata (Brocchi, 1814), 5—7 – Limaria labani (Meznerics, 1936).
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R e m a r k s: Shell very small, highly inflated, anteroventral-
ly elongated with straightened hinge margin and umbo pro-
jecting over it. Very proximal and dorsal lateral shell portion
except for comarginal lirae smooth. The rest of exterior sur-
face bears numerous fine, flat topped, smooth radial ribblets
intercalated at the distal margin by single scaly ribblets. The
whole exterior surface bears weak comarginal lirae, better
visible in the rib interspaces and lateral dorsal margins. Interior
shell margin is crenated.
This species differs from Limaria tuberculata by the much
smaller, not gaping shell, showing a crenulated interior mar-
gin. The Middle Miocene L. subhelvetica from the Aquitaine
Basin represents a somewhat stronger elongated, less convex
morphotype of L. strigilata. In the Paratethys, Limea strigilata
has been previously described only from Badenian strata.
Therefore, the specimens from Cerová represent the stratigraph-
ically oldest occurrence of this Miocene to Pliocene species.
Genus: Limaria Link, 1807
Limaria labani
(Meznerics, 1936)
Fig. 12.5—7
1936 Lima (Mantellina) lábáni nov. spec. – Meznerics, p. 127, 133,
pl. 4, figs. 9—14
1967 Lima (Mantellum) labani Meznerics, 1935 – Tejkal et al., p. 162,
pl. 1B, fig. 22
2001 Limaria (Mantellina) labani (Meznerics, 1936) – Schultz, p. 301
M a t e r i a l: 2 left and 2 right single valves (samples: 18 and
21, and scree material); length: 8.5 mm, height: 6 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell up to 17 mm long, thin walled, fragile, el-
lipsoid in outline, strongly elongated postero-ventrally, low
convex. Hinge line short, slightly overwhelmed by umbo,
which is slightly inflated and pointed dorsally. Exterior sculp-
ture comprises coarse, regular comarginal folds and very fine
radial ribblets absent only at dorsal marginal area which is
smooth except for fine growth lines.
Limaria labani is restricted to Karpatian and Badenian of
the Paratethys, occurring in the Slovenian part of the Styrian
Basin (Lower Badenian), the northern margin of the Pannon-
ian Basin in N Hungary (Karpatian—Badenian; Csepreghy-
Meznerics 1954) and E Slovakia (Karpatian) and in the
Vienna Basin in N Slovakia (Karpatian).
Subclass: Heterodonta Neumayr, 1884
Order: Venerida Adams & Adams, 1856
Superfamily: Tellinoidea Blainville, 1814
Family: Tellinidae Blainville, 1814
Subfamily: Macominae Olsson, 1961
Genus: Macoma Leach, 1819
Macoma elliptica
(Brocchi, 1814)
Fig. 13.1—2
1814 Tellina elliptica, p. nob. – Brocchi, p. 513, pl. 12, fig. 7
1875 Tellina ottnangensis nov. sp. – Hoernes, p. 370—371, pl. 13,
figs. 1—4
1879 Tellina Floriana. – Hilber, p. 418, 450, 451, pl. 6, figs. 1—2
1900 Tellina Floriana Hilber – Bauer, p. 38, 42—43, pl. 2, fig. 13
1900 Tellina Floriana var. plicata Bauer – Bauer, p. 43, pl. 2, fig. 14
1901 Macomopsis elliptica (Br.) – Sacco, p. 107—108, pl. 22, figs.
36—40
1910 Macoma elliptica (Brocchi) – Cossmann & Peyrot, p. 281—282,
pl. 9, figs. 33—35
1998 Macoma elliptica (Brocchi, 1814) – Duckheim & Strauch,
p. 203—219, 224—225, pl. 1, figs. 1—8, pl. 2, figs. 1—8
2001 Macoma (Psammacoma) elliptica (Brocchi, 1814) – Harzhauser
& Mandic, p. 748—749, pl. 9, fig. 8
2005 Macoma (Psammacoma) elliptica (Brocchi, 1814) s.l. (excl. M.
(P.) elliptica ottnangensis (Hoernes, 1875)) – Schultz, p. 721,
pl. 99, fig. 6 (cum syn.)
2005 Macoma (Psammacoma) elliptica ottnangensis (Hoernes, 1875)
– Schultz, p. 722—724, pl. 99, figs. 7—9
2005 Macoma (Psammacoma) elliptica floriana (Hilber, 1879) –
Schultz, p. 724—725, pl. 99, figs. 10—13
2005 Macoma (Psammacoma) elliptica plicata (Bauer, 1900) –
Schultz, p. 725, text-fig. 14
Fig. 13. 1—2 – Macoma elliptica (Brocchi, 1814), 3—4 – Lucina callipteryx Tournouer, 1874, 5—6 – Gonimyrtea submichelottii (Sacco,
1901), 7 – Thyasira flexuosa (Montagu, 1803), 8 – Laternula fuchsi (Hoernes, 1875).
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M a t e r i a l: 2 articulated specimens, 3 left and 5 right
valves (sample: 12, 13, 16, 16—17, 17—18, 19, 21+); LV –
length: 15.2 mm, height: 10.6 mm, convexity: 2.1 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell small, thin walled, with shiny surface,
moderately convex, beak slightly pointed, shifted more or less
posteriorly, dorsal margin trigonal, ventral margin broadly
convex, anterior margin narrowly convex, posterior margin
pointed, shell exterior smooth with minute, weak irregular
growth lamellae getting little more prominent only at posterior
margin, interior shell with smooth margin, deep sinus and
minute radial threads.
As pointed out already by Hoernes (1875) and Hilber
(1879) this is a highly variable species especially in outline
and convexity. For different morphotypes numerous species
and subspecies names are available in the literature. In the
present study, we follow the revision by Duckheim & Strauch
(1998) and consider those names as synonyms of M. elliptica.
Our specimens, with more centrally placed umbonal region
and reduced posterio-ventral elongation, resembles particular-
ly Tellina floriana Hilber, 1879. Gastrana fragilis, in contrast,
may develop a similar outline but has a more prominent con-
centric sculpture showing well projecting concentric lirae.
The species is present from the Late Oligocene to Pliocene
in the Paratethys Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern
Atlantic (Schultz 2005).
Superfamily: Lucinoidea Fleming, 1828
Family: Lucinidae Fleming, 1828
Subfamily: Lucininae Fleming, 1828
Genus: Lucina Brugui
e
re, 1797
Lucina callipteryx
Tournouer, 1874
Fig. 13.3—4
1874 Lucina callipteryx – Tournouer, p. 306, pl. 10, fig. 4
1911 Miltha (Eomiltha) callipteryx (Tournouer) – Cossmann & Peyrot,
p. 285—287, pl. 27, figs. 18—21
M a t e r i a l: 4 articulated specimens, 4 single left and 2 sin-
gle right valves (samples: 5—6, 7, 8, 13—15, 16, 16—17, 19,
19—20, 21). Dimensions: RV – length: 22.8 mm, height:
17.4 mm, convexity: 1.0 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell small in size, low convex with postero-
dorsal depression; outline subquadrangular with subtrigonal
dorsal portion and rounded ventral portion; anterior margin
pointed, posterior margin rounded. Exterior surface with pro-
jecting comarginal lirae (0.5 mm distance in proximal part and
2.3 mm in distal part). Numerous fine growth lines are visible
between the lirae. Interior margin smooth.
The type specimen differs only in its about two times larger
size. Our specimens differ from Lucinoma borealis (Linnaeus,
1767) not only by more regular and more widely spaced con-
centric lamellae but mainly by the subquadrangular, anteriorly
pointed outline. The specimen from the Karpatian schlier of the
North Hungarian Basin, illustrated by Csepreghy-Meznerics
(1954) as Miltha ottnangensis (Hoernes, 1875), has a fragment-
ed anterior outline but the rest of the outline together with shell
exterior sculpture suggests an affinity to L. callipteryx.
This extraordinarily rare species, originally defined from the
Burdigalian of the Aquitanian Basin, was previously recorded
in the Central Paratethys only from the Lower Badenian of
Romania (Studencka et al. 1998). The present study provides
the first illustrations of a specimen ever found in the Para-
tethys Sea area.
Subfamily: Myrteinae Chavan, 1969
Genus: Gonimyrtea Marwick, 1929
Gonimyrtea submichelottii
(Sacco, 1901) nov. comb.
Fig. 13.5—6
1901 Dentilucina Meneghini de Stef. var. submichelottii – Sacco, p. 85,
pl. 20, figs. 10—11
1934 Phacoides submichelottii Sacco – Friedberg, p. 107, pl. 19,
figs. 4—5
M a t e r i a l: 10 articulated specimens and 1 right and 2 left
valves (samples: 7, 8—9, 12, 15—16, 16, 16—17, 17—18, 19,
19—20, and scree material). Dimensions: LV – length:
7.0 mm, height: 6.8 mm, convexity: 0.8 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell is small, moderately convex with mod-
erately thick wall; outline rounded, exterior surface with
prominently projecting lamellae throughout ontogeny, some-
what narrower proximally than distally, interior shell margin
smooth.
Studencka et al. (1998) place this species into Parvilucina
which has – in contrast to Gonimyrtea – a crenated interior
shell margin. Phacoides sub-Michelottii (Sacco, 1901) of
Cossmann & Peyrot (1912, pl. 28, figs. 51—54) from the
Aquitanian Basin has a much finer concentric sculpture and a
stronger developed anterior muscle scar. Therefore, we
consider this identification as questionable. The illustrated
specimen might rather represent Gonimyrtea meneghinii
(De Stefani & Pantanelli, 1878) from the Italian Mio-
Pliocene that occurs in the Badenian of the Paratethys (Schultz
2001) as well. The very similar Lucina ottnangensis (Hoernes,
1875) is up to 4 times larger. It has a variably prominent con-
centric sculpture and is actually treated as Lucinoma borealis
(see Schultz 2003).
Gonimyrtea submichelottii is common in the Lower to Mid-
dle Miocene of the Turin Hills and in the Italian Pliocene. In
the Paratethys it was previously found only in the Lower
Badenian of southern Poland.
Family: Thyasiridae Dall, 1901
Genus: Thyasira Leach in Lamarck, 1818
Thyasira flexuosa
(Montagu, 1803)
Fig. 13.7
1803 Tellina flexuosa – Montagu, p. 72—73
1984 Thyasira (Thyasira) flexuosa (Montagu, 1803) – Janssen, p. 60—61,
pl. 1, figs. 4—5
1986 Thyasira (Thyasira) flexuosa (Montagu, 1803) – Studencka,
p. 56—57, pl. 7, fig. 10
2005 Thyasira (Thyasira) flexuosa (Montagu, 1803) – Marquet, p. 8—9,
pl. 2, fig. 2
è
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M a t e r i a l: 1 left valve (sample: 16—17); length: 6.0 mm,
height: 4.4 mm.
R e m a r k s: Minute shell, thin walled, moderately convex
with strong dorsal anterior depression, beak prosogyr, outline
subquadrangular rounded, exterior surface smooth with irreg-
ular, non-prominent concentric ribs.
The species is present from the Late Oligocene in the Para-
tethys, the Mediterranean and the NE Atlantic. In the Central
Paratethys its previous record is restricted to the Badenian
(Studencka et al. 1998), with one single specimen collected so
far from the Lower Badenian of Poland (Studencka 1986).
Subclass: Anomalodesmata Dall, 1889
Order: Pholadomyida Newell, 1965
Suborder
:
Pholadomyina Newell, 1965
Superfamily: Thracioidea Stoliczka, 1870
Family: Laternulidae Hedley, 1918
Genus: Laternula Röding, 1798
Laternula fuchsi
(Hoernes, 1875)
Fig. 13.8
1875 Anatina Fuchsi nov. sp. – Hoernes, p. 366—367, 393, 397, pl. 13,
figs. 13—16
1954 Anatina fuchsi R. Hoernes – Csepreghy-Meznerics, p. 108, 126,
pl. 13, fig. 15
1973 Laternula fuchsi (R. Hoernes, 1875) – Steininger, p. 542, pl. 30, fig. 1
1998 Laternula (Laternula) fuchsi (Hoernes) – Schultz, p. 112, pl. 50,
fig. 5
2005 Laternula (Laternula) fuchsi (Hoernes, 1875) – Schultz,
p. 1043—1044, pl. 151, figs. 2—4
M a t e r i a l: 7 articulated specimens, and 2 right valves
(samples: 13, 13—14, 15, 15—16, 16, 16—17, 20—21). Dimen-
sions: LV – height: 12.3 mm, height: 10.6 mm, convexity:
1.6 mm.
R e m a r k s: The shell is small, thin walled, shiny and trans-
lucent, low convex with oblique posteroventral depression;
outline oval to rounded, elongated anteroventrally, anteriorly
rounded, posteriorly truncated, umbo posteriorly pointed.
Shell exterior smooth, with fine irregularly projecting comar-
ginal lirae and/or rugae.
As already remarked by Steininger (1973), the shells of this
species are usually highly deformed and the outline is seem-
ingly very variable. The only well preserved specimen
(Fig. 13.8) displays a rather rounded outline whereas other
specimens show a posteroventral elongation which is typical
for the type specimen from Ottnang in Upper Austria (NHMW
collection). Therefore, the specimens differ from other L.
fuchsi (Hoernes, 1875) morphs only by their about 2 to 3
times smaller size.
The previous fossil record of this species is restricted to the
Ottnangian of Upper Austria and the Karpatian to Lower Bad-
enian of the North Hungarian Basin (Csepreghy-Meznerics
1954). Additionally, it has been reported from the Ottnangian
of Bavaria (Steininger 1973), the Karpatian of Slovakia (Tej-
kal et al. 1967) and the Lower Badenian of Northern Slovenia
(Meznerics 1936).
Suborder: Cuspidariina Dall, 1886
Superfamily: Cuspidarioidea Dall, 1886
Family: Cuspidariidae Dall, 1886
Genus: Cardiomya Adams, 1864
Cardiomya elegantissima
(Hoernes, 1875)
Fig. 14.1—3
1875 Neaera elegantissima M. Hoernes – Hoernes: p. 368, pl. 13, fig. 8
1967 Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) elegantissima (R. Hoernes, 1875) – Tej-
kal et al., p. 189, pl. 8B, fig. 16
1973 Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) elegantissima (Hoernes, 1853) – Steinin-
ger, p. 544, pl. 30, fig. 2
2003 Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) elegantissima (Hoernes, 1875) – Schultz,
p. 1056, pl. 152, fig. 3
M a t e r i a l: 5 articulated specimens, 2 left valves and 1 right
valve (sample numbers: 5—6, 6—7, 7—8, 13—14, 16, 17—18,
19—20 and scree material). Dimensions: length: 10.5 mm,
height: 6 mm.
R e m a r k s: Shell small, about 10 mm in length, fragile,
postero-ventrally elongated, and moderately convex. Anterior
side slightly pointed, narrowly rounded, with shell surface
bearing coarse irregular concentric ribs. Posterior side shortly
rostrate, with posterior part of the exterior surface bearing
three prominent radial triangular ribs, laterally adjoined by up
to four additional tinny ribs; rest of exterior surface, at ros-
trum, smooth. This species is reminiscent of the extant C. cos-
tellata (Deshayes, 1833) from the Mediterranean Sea and the
Atlantic, which is a carnivorous deep water bivalve (Poutiers
& Bernard 1995). The latter differs from C. elegantissima by
much weaker concentric ribs at the anterior shell surfaces.
This species is restricted to the Lower Ottnangian of the
eastern North Alpine Foredeep and the Karpatian of the north-
ern Vienna Basin.
Fig. 14. 1—3 – Cardiomya elegantissima (Hoernes, 1875).
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Mollusc taxa from Cerová
Gastropoda
Calliotropis? sp.
Polinices cerovaensis nov. sp.
Stellaria testigera (Bronn, 1831)
Galeodea echinophora (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mitrella hilberi (Cossmann, 1901)
Nassarius janschloegli nov. sp.
Amalda glandiformis (Lamarck, 1810)
Conolithus antidiluvianus (Brugui
e
re, 1792)
Genota valeriae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891)
Pyramidella cf. gratteloupi d’Orbigny, 1852
Turbonilla sp.
Triphora sp.
Ringicula minor (Grateloup, 1838)
Cylichna cf. salbriacensis (Peyrot, 1932)
Sabatia callifera Boettger, 1906
Balantium collina (Janssen & Zorn, 2001)
Scaphopoda
Fissidentalium badense (Partsch in Hörnes, 1856)
Gadilina taurogracilis Sacco, 1897
Gadila gracilina Sacco, 1897
Bivalvia
Nucula mayeri Hörnes, 1865
Leionucula ehrlichi (Hoernes, 1875)
Yoldia nitida (Brocchi, 1814)
Solemya doderleini Mayer, 1861
Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus, 1767)
Parvamussium felsineum (Foresti, 1893)
Limea strigilata (Brocchi, 1814)
Limaria labani (Meznerics, 1936)
Macoma elliptica (Brocchi, 1814)
Lucina callipteryx Tournouer, 1874
Gonimyrtea submichelottii (Sacco, 1901)
Thyasira flexuosa (Montagu, 1803)
Laternula fuchsi (Hoernes, 1875)
Cardiomya elegantissima (Hoernes, 1875)
Acknowledgments: We thank Daniela Esu (Dip. Scienze del-
la Terra, Universit
a
Sapienza, Roma) for her constructive re-
view, and to Natália Hudáčková, Andrej Ruman and Matúš
Hyžný (Comenius University in Bratislava) for their help dur-
ing the field and laboratory works. The work has been sup-
ported by research Grant APVV 0280-07 and by Grant KEGA
3/7226/09 and contributes to the FWF-Project P23492.
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